Survivin has been proposed to inhibit apoptosis and to regulate cell division. However, controversy still exists as to whether Survivin can indeed execute these distinct functions and if Survivin somehow coordinates apoptosis and (abnormal) cell division. Recent evidence has demonstrated that Survivin acts as a subunit of the chromosomal passenger complex, which is essential for proper chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. Within this complex, the mitotic kinase Aurora B acts as the enzymatic core, whereas Survivin dictates chromosomal passenger complex localization. This function of Survivin appears to be conserved throughout evolution. Although these findings do not exclude a role for Survivin as apoptosis inhibitor, they make a very strong case for Survivin as mitotic regulator.